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Chemical Kinetics
Tags: Engineering Entrance  |  IIT JEE  |  Physical Chemistry
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Physical Chemistry V & P Chapters
(i) Graphical Method:-

2 N2O5 4 NO2 + O2







Illustration:- 2 N2O5 4 NO2(I) + O2





Find (1) rate law (2) Rate constant (3) order of rxn.

Ans:- Rate =

K =









(2) Initial Rate method:-



Illustration:- 2A + B C + D







What is (1) rate law, (2) order w.r.t. each reactant & overall order (3) Rate constant

Ans:- Let Rate = K



Dividing (2) by (1)



order w.r.t. is 2



Dividing (4) by (3)



Order w.r.t. A = 1

Overall order = Order of A + order of B = 1 + 2 = 3

Rate law = K[A] [B]2

6 X 10-3 = K[0.1] [0.1]2

K = 6 mol-2L2min-1



(3) Itegrated Rate law:-

D.S assed earlier



(4) Halhe life method:-







Question:-

to be 25 min. Calculate order of rxn.



Ans:-



1 - n = 1 => n = 0 ie zero order.



Ostwald Isolation method:- In this method, for rxn.



aA + bB + cC Products

if oredr w.r.t. A, B & C are respectively, then rate law

Rate = K

If B & C are in large excess. their cons. remains almost constant.

Rate =

Thus order w.r.t. A is found one.

Similarly order w.r.t. B & C can be determined.



Illustrution :- rxn. CH3COF + H2O CH3COOH + HF studied in two different experements. In Ist exp., starting initially with [CH3COF] = 0.01 M & [H2O] = 1M, conc. of CH3COF at different times was found.





In IIndf Exp. ; [CH3COF] = 0.8 M & [H2O] = 0.02 M





As rate is changing with time. or these are not const decrease in cons. permit time. So, nan not be zero oredr.

Let test for Ist oredr



Since K comes out to be constant, order w.r.t. to CH3COF = 1

In Exp. II, [CH3COF] >> [H2O]

Let us test for Ist order



Since K comes out to be constant, order of rxn. w.r.t. H2O is 1.



Examples of Ist Order rxn.:-

(1) Decomposition of N2O5



Volume of oxygen gas collected at any time(vt) } Amt. of N2O5 decomposed (x)

ie x Vt

Volume of gas collected at infinete time (V) } Amt. of N2O5 initially taken (a)

Substituting these value in Ist order eq.



We get,



Illustration:-



Caculate rate Constant

Ans:-

]

Rate constant is mostly constant.

Avg. Value = 0.01981.min-1



(2)Decomposition of H2O2:-



H2O2 solution can be titrated against KMnO4 solution.

Vol. of KMnO4 sol. used at zero time (V0) } align=center /> Initial cons. of H2O2 (a)

ie a V0 Vol. of KMnO4 sol. used at any instant of time t (Vt) } amt. of H2O2 Present at that instant i.e. (a - x)

i.e. (a - x) Vt





Illustration:
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